Overview
NGOs, or philanthropic organisations, in India are governed mainly by three bodies-
- Trust
- Society
- Not-for-profit Company, also known as Section 8 Company
TRUST
Trust Registration, is done in India by the Trust Act 1882. A Trust is created for the beneficial interest of the Beneficiary. We can broadly classify trusts into two categories:
- Private Trusts
- Public Trusts
Private Trusts help a specific person or group. Public Trusts, on the other hand, benefit the public or a changing class of people. Private Trusts are not philanthropic or religious like Public Trusts.
Requirements for the creation of a Trust | |
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Settlor/Author |
A property owner who wishes to create a Trust for another person or organisation. |
Trustee |
A person to whom the Settlor/Author bequeaths Trust Property in a bequest or declaration inter vivos. |
Beneficiary |
Whom the Trust benefits. |
Objective |
Trusts have a purpose. A Trust Deed or verbal agreement should indicate this purpose. |
Trust Property |
The Settlor must provide the Trustee movable/immovable property to create a Trust. |
Trust Deed |
The Settlor/Author and Trustee sign a document stating the Trust’s Objective and Beneficiary. If the Trust Property is movable and the Trust is constituted by will, no Trust Deed is needed. |
PAN |
The Trustee needs a Permanent Account Number to pay taxes for the Beneficiary(ies) (PAN). Form 49A should be submitted to the Assessing Officer in duplicate. |
TAN |
If the Trust needs to deduct tax at source for its workers or other staff managing or administering Trust Property, it must apply for a Tax deduction Account Number (TAN) in duplicate to the Assessing Officer in Form No. 49B. |
FCRA Registration |
If it wants foreign donations, a trust must register under Section 6(1), Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 2010 (“FCRA”). |
Separate account for Foreign Contributions (FC A/c) |
The FCRA-registered Trust must open a separate account to collect overseas donations. |
Separate set of records for foreign contributions |
Every organization/individual must keep separate records for overseas donations and contributions. |
Approval from RBI |
In case where the beneficiary is a non resident, prior approval from RBI is required to that effect. |
TIN Registration |
Even if a Private Trust trades and manufactures goods and services without profit, it must register for a Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) with its state’s Excise and Taxation Department. VAT and Service Tax Returns use this TIN. |
Documents/Details Required for Trust Registration
Following self-attested documents of the members are required:
- Trustees’ Aadhaar/Voter ID/PAN cards (compulsory).
- Address verification (Voter ID, Passport, Driving license, etc.)
- If your premise, ownership and sale deed and one registered office address proof document (like water, telephone, mobile bill or copy of bank passbook or net banking statement mentioning the address of the applicant).
- If the property is rented, present the rent agreement with Landlord’s NOC.
- Trustee passport photo.
- Occupation, Email, Contact.
Trust Deed Registration
The settlor and two witnesses must sign the Trust Deed on appropriate Stamp Paper. The Local Registrar can register the Trust Deed after execution. The Registrar registers the Trust, keeps a copy, and returns the original to the settlor.
Requirements for the creation of a Trust | |
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Physical Registration |
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Online Registration |
Form 10A is necessary for trust registration. Application Form No. 10A requires these documents:
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SOCIETY
According to section 20 of the Society Act 1860, a society registration can be done for the following purposes:
- Promotion of fine arts.
- Diffusion of political education.
- Grant of charitable assistance.
- Promotion of science and literature.
- Creation of military orphan funds.
- Maintenance or foundation of galleries or public museums.
- Maintenance or foundation of reading rooms or libraries.
- Promotion or diffusion or instruction of helpful knowledge.
- Collections of natural history.
- Collections of mechanical and philosophical inventions, designs, or instruments.
Requirements for the creation of a Trust | |
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PAN Card |
Of all the members of the proposed society has to be submitted along with the application. |
Residence Proof |
Of all the members of the society also has to be submitted. The following can be used as valid residence proof:
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Memorandum of Association |
The memorandum of association has to be prepared, which will contain the following clauses and information:
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Rules & Regulations of the Society |
The rules and regulations of the society also have to be prepared, which will contain the following information:
|
Covering letter |
A covering letter mentioning the objective or the purpose for which the society is being formed will be annexed to the beginning of the application. It will be signed by all the founding members of the society. |
Proof of Address |
A copy of the proof of address where the registered office of the society will be located, along with a NOC from the landlord, if any, has to be attached. |
List of all the members |
A list of all the governing body members has to be given along with their signatures. |
Declaration |
The president of the proposed society has to give a declaration that he is willing and competent to hold the said post. |
Registrar's Process |
The Registrar of Societies requires two copies of the above documents and fees. The registrar will sign and return the first copy after receiving the application and keep the second copy for approval. The registrar issues an Incorporation Certificate with a registration number after evaluating the documents. The signed Rules & Regulations and Memorandum must be filed with the society or state registrar for a fee. The registrar will register the society if the application is satisfactory. |
COMPANY NOT FOR PROFIT / SECTION 8 COMPANY
Registered under The Companies Act, 2013, where it is proved to the satisfaction of the Central Government (Power delegated to ROC) that a person or an association of persons proposed to be registered under this Act as a limited company—
- has in its objects the promotion of commerce, art, science, sports, education, research, social welfare, religion, charity, protection of environment or any such other object;
- intends to apply its profits, if any, or other income in promoting its objects; and
- intends to prohibit the payment of any dividend to its members.
The Central Government may, by licence issued in such manner as may be prescribed, and on such conditions as it deems fit, allow that person or association of persons to be registered as a limited company under this section without the addition to its name of the word “Limited” or “Private Limited,” and the Registrar shall, on application, in the prescribed form, register such person or association as a company unde “Limited” or “Private Limited.”
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